{"id":2600,"date":"2024-05-16T17:58:18","date_gmt":"2024-05-16T17:58:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dsbereza.smoledu.by\/?page_id=2600"},"modified":"2024-10-09T18:00:38","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T18:00:38","slug":"%d1%84%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%ba%d0%bb%d0%b8%d0%bd-%d0%b4%d0%b5%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%be-%d1%80%d1%83%d0%b7%d0%b2%d0%b5%d0%bb%d1%8c%d1%82","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/dsbereza.smoledu.by\/?page_id=2600","title":{"rendered":"\u0424\u0420\u0410\u041d\u041a\u041b\u0418\u041d \u0414\u0415\u041b\u0410\u041d\u041e \u0420\u0423\u0417\u0412\u0415\u041b\u042c\u0422"},"content":{"rendered":"<p id=\"7f6e\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u041d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044c \u2014 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434. \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/p>\n<h1 id=\"ea98\" class=\"mx my gu bf mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043b\u0435\u0434\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435<\/h1>\n<p id=\"4de4\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc nv me mf mg nw mi mj mk nx mm mn mo ny mq mr ms nz mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043d \u0414\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442 (\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e FDR) \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 1882 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u041d\u044c\u044e-\u0419\u043e\u0440\u043a, \u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0434-\u041f\u0430\u0440\u043a. \u041e\u0442\u0435\u0446 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0414\u0436\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0441 \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439. \u041c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u2014 \u0421\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442, \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0414\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n<p id=\"10bf\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0420\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0413\u0443\u0434\u0437\u043e\u043d, \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440, \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"od oe of og oh oi oa ob paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"oa ob oc\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/0*p0HFYzpzc5EpcAjd.jpg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/0*p0HFYzpzc5EpcAjd.jpg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/0*p0HFYzpzc5EpcAjd.jpg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/0*p0HFYzpzc5EpcAjd.jpg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/0*p0HFYzpzc5EpcAjd.jpg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/0*p0HFYzpzc5EpcAjd.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1140\/format:webp\/0*p0HFYzpzc5EpcAjd.jpg 1140w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/0*p0HFYzpzc5EpcAjd.jpg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/0*p0HFYzpzc5EpcAjd.jpg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/0*p0HFYzpzc5EpcAjd.jpg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/0*p0HFYzpzc5EpcAjd.jpg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/0*p0HFYzpzc5EpcAjd.jpg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/0*p0HFYzpzc5EpcAjd.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1140\/0*p0HFYzpzc5EpcAjd.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 570px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bh oj ok c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:862\/0*p0HFYzpzc5EpcAjd.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"380\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<div>\n<p id=\"d031\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0414\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0433 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0435 \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e. \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445, \u0443\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u044f\u0445\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c, \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0448\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0437\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e.<\/p>\n<p id=\"0315\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0414\u043e 14 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0424\u0440\u044d\u043d\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d \u0421\u043a\u0443\u043b \u2014 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b-\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432. \u0412 1904 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0413\u0430\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0434 (\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0431\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0440\u0430). \u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u044e\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043c\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0423\u043e\u043b\u043b-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442.<\/p>\n<p id=\"5b82\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0443 25 \u043b\u0435\u0442, \u043e\u043d \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d, \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0432, \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ded7\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 14 \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u0417\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442. \u0412 1910 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u0414\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0438. \u0415\u0449\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u0412\u0443\u0434\u0440\u043e \u0412\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430. \u0418 \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u0412\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043e\u043d \u0441\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u043e, \u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043d \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0444\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"od oe of og oh oi oa ob paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"oa ob oc\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/0*2myQPJoJYL30Ktdc.jpg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/0*2myQPJoJYL30Ktdc.jpg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/0*2myQPJoJYL30Ktdc.jpg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/0*2myQPJoJYL30Ktdc.jpg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/0*2myQPJoJYL30Ktdc.jpg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/0*2myQPJoJYL30Ktdc.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1140\/format:webp\/0*2myQPJoJYL30Ktdc.jpg 1140w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/0*2myQPJoJYL30Ktdc.jpg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/0*2myQPJoJYL30Ktdc.jpg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/0*2myQPJoJYL30Ktdc.jpg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/0*2myQPJoJYL30Ktdc.jpg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/0*2myQPJoJYL30Ktdc.jpg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/0*2myQPJoJYL30Ktdc.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1140\/0*2myQPJoJYL30Ktdc.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 570px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bh oj ok c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:862\/0*2myQPJoJYL30Ktdc.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"380\" \/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"ol ff om oa ob on oo bf b bg z du\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043d \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442 \u0432 \u044e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"848a\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u041e\u043d \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d, \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0435, \u043e\u043d \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<p id=\"6e60\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0410 \u0432 1921 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u041d\u0430 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0414\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0420\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0435, \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435.<\/p>\n<p id=\"d41c\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044c. \u0412\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0433. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043c\u044b\u0448\u0446\u044b \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<p id=\"9d42\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043d \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u0413\u0434\u0435-\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b.<\/p>\n<p id=\"b4bc\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0421\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043b\u0435\u0434\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435. \u0412\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c, \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e. \u0412 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435, \u0424\u0440\u044d\u043d\u043a \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u2014 \u0433\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0423\u0432\u044b, \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u0430. \u0418\u043d\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"od oe of og oh oi oa ob paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"oa ob oc\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/0*3ryMAbqsBKyEwejK.jpg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/0*3ryMAbqsBKyEwejK.jpg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/0*3ryMAbqsBKyEwejK.jpg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/0*3ryMAbqsBKyEwejK.jpg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/0*3ryMAbqsBKyEwejK.jpg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/0*3ryMAbqsBKyEwejK.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1140\/format:webp\/0*3ryMAbqsBKyEwejK.jpg 1140w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/0*3ryMAbqsBKyEwejK.jpg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/0*3ryMAbqsBKyEwejK.jpg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/0*3ryMAbqsBKyEwejK.jpg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/0*3ryMAbqsBKyEwejK.jpg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/0*3ryMAbqsBKyEwejK.jpg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/0*3ryMAbqsBKyEwejK.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1140\/0*3ryMAbqsBKyEwejK.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 570px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bh oj ok c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:862\/0*3ryMAbqsBKyEwejK.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"380\" \/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"ol ff om oa ob on oo bf b bg z du\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043d \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442 \u0441 \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0412\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"6c76\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043b \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0438, \u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e. \u041d\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0433. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 (\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435), \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u0445. \u0410, \u0441\u0438\u0434\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<p id=\"bc06\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0418 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043e\u043d \u0432\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445: \u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u0436 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<h1 id=\"10d0\" class=\"mx my gu bf mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u00ab\u0411\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u00bb \u0438 \u00ab\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u00bb<\/h1>\n<figure class=\"od oe of og oh oi oa ob paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"oa ob oc\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/0*6x74Ax2_wb4-76Am.jpg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/0*6x74Ax2_wb4-76Am.jpg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/0*6x74Ax2_wb4-76Am.jpg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/0*6x74Ax2_wb4-76Am.jpg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/0*6x74Ax2_wb4-76Am.jpg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/0*6x74Ax2_wb4-76Am.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1140\/format:webp\/0*6x74Ax2_wb4-76Am.jpg 1140w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/0*6x74Ax2_wb4-76Am.jpg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/0*6x74Ax2_wb4-76Am.jpg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/0*6x74Ax2_wb4-76Am.jpg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/0*6x74Ax2_wb4-76Am.jpg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/0*6x74Ax2_wb4-76Am.jpg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/0*6x74Ax2_wb4-76Am.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1140\/0*6x74Ax2_wb4-76Am.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 570px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bh oj ok c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:862\/0*6x74Ax2_wb4-76Am.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"380\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<div>\n<p id=\"f050\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0412 1928 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u041d\u044c\u044e-\u0419\u043e\u0440\u043a. \u041e\u043d \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0446 \u0438 \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044c \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<p id=\"f4cb\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u044e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u044b.<\/p>\n<p id=\"2968\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0421\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0430\u0440 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u043e\u043d \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0432\u044b\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u044f\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u0412\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u00ab\u0411\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u00bb \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0412 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u0417\u0430\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0445\u0438.<\/p>\n<p id=\"3eb3\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0418 \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f! \u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c. \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u0413\u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443.<\/p>\n<p id=\"bcd7\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0412 1932 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u041b\u0435\u0439\u043a-\u041f\u043b\u044d\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0417\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u044b. \u0420\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u041d\u044c\u044e-\u0419\u043e\u0440\u043a, \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u2014 \u0432\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435.<\/p>\n<p id=\"8969\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043d\u044e\u044e \u041e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0430\u0434\u0443. \u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043e\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<p id=\"1697\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0413\u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u0410 \u0443 \u043d\u044c\u044e-\u0439\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442, \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e. \u0414\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439. \u0418 \u0432 1933 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 FDR \u2014 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0446\u044b \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<p id=\"ad34\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442, \u043f\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u044b\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0439, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0443\u043b\u044b\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<p id=\"3e25\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">FDR \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u044f\u043b \u0431\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430. \u0411\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u2014 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0424\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0432\u044b\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0439, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u041d\u044c\u044e-\u0419\u043e\u0440\u043a.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"od oe of og oh oi oa ob paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"oa ob oc\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/0*epe14n-00CfL5pd5.jpg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/0*epe14n-00CfL5pd5.jpg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/0*epe14n-00CfL5pd5.jpg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/0*epe14n-00CfL5pd5.jpg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/0*epe14n-00CfL5pd5.jpg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/0*epe14n-00CfL5pd5.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1140\/format:webp\/0*epe14n-00CfL5pd5.jpg 1140w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/0*epe14n-00CfL5pd5.jpg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/0*epe14n-00CfL5pd5.jpg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/0*epe14n-00CfL5pd5.jpg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/0*epe14n-00CfL5pd5.jpg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/0*epe14n-00CfL5pd5.jpg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/0*epe14n-00CfL5pd5.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1140\/0*epe14n-00CfL5pd5.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 570px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bh oj ok c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:862\/0*epe14n-00CfL5pd5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"388\" \/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"ol ff om oa ob on oo bf b bg z du\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u00ab\u0411\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u00bb \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"63fc\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u043e \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044b. \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0430\u043b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n<p id=\"d09c\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c. \u041e \u043d\u0435\u043c \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d. \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0446\u044b, \u0432\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c, \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u2014 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u044a\u0435\u0437\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u00ab\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0438\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p id=\"c8e4\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b: \u00ab\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0441\u043a\u0443, \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0439\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p id=\"e7f2\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0410 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0437\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043b: \u00ab\u0445\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u00bb.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"od oe of og oh oi oa ob paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"op oq fj or bh os\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">\n<div class=\"oa ob oc\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/0*33YtTSOXFOTMcas4.jpg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/0*33YtTSOXFOTMcas4.jpg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/0*33YtTSOXFOTMcas4.jpg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/0*33YtTSOXFOTMcas4.jpg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/0*33YtTSOXFOTMcas4.jpg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/0*33YtTSOXFOTMcas4.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1140\/format:webp\/0*33YtTSOXFOTMcas4.jpg 1140w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/0*33YtTSOXFOTMcas4.jpg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/0*33YtTSOXFOTMcas4.jpg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/0*33YtTSOXFOTMcas4.jpg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/0*33YtTSOXFOTMcas4.jpg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/0*33YtTSOXFOTMcas4.jpg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/0*33YtTSOXFOTMcas4.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1140\/0*33YtTSOXFOTMcas4.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 570px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bh oj ok c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:862\/0*33YtTSOXFOTMcas4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"357\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"ol ff om oa ob on oo bf b bg z du\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0449\u0438\u0442, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430 (\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432). \u041a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438\u044f, 1942 \u0433\u043e\u0434.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"0fb6\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u041e\u043d \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043b \u00ab\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u00bb \u2014 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0443 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u0424\u043e\u043a\u0443\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e 10 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0435\u043c\u0443, \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443. \u0412 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043c. \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u043f\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0449\u0438\u043a, \u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<p id=\"bd04\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0410 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u041d\u044c\u044e-\u0419\u043e\u0440\u043a \u00ab\u0411\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u00bb \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0443.<\/p>\n<p id=\"82aa\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442. \u041e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u00ab\u044d\u043c\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f\u00bb \u2014 \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0443 32-\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e.<\/p>\n<h1 id=\"9826\" class=\"mx my gu bf mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni nj nk nl nm nn no np nq nr ns nt nu bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0418\u043d\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/h1>\n<figure class=\"od oe of og oh oi oa ob paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"oa ob oc\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/0*sUe6xkfj6LTX11Gz.jpg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/0*sUe6xkfj6LTX11Gz.jpg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/0*sUe6xkfj6LTX11Gz.jpg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/0*sUe6xkfj6LTX11Gz.jpg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/0*sUe6xkfj6LTX11Gz.jpg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/0*sUe6xkfj6LTX11Gz.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1140\/format:webp\/0*sUe6xkfj6LTX11Gz.jpg 1140w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/0*sUe6xkfj6LTX11Gz.jpg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/0*sUe6xkfj6LTX11Gz.jpg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/0*sUe6xkfj6LTX11Gz.jpg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/0*sUe6xkfj6LTX11Gz.jpg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/0*sUe6xkfj6LTX11Gz.jpg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/0*sUe6xkfj6LTX11Gz.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1140\/0*sUe6xkfj6LTX11Gz.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 570px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bh oj ok c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:862\/0*sUe6xkfj6LTX11Gz.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"514\" \/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"ol ff om oa ob on oo bf b bg z du\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0430 \u0432 \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0434-\u041f\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435, \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u041d\u044c\u044e-\u0419\u043e\u0440\u043a. \u0424\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c 1941 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u0443 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u00ab\u0414\u0435\u0439\u0437\u0438\u00bb.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"bd87\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u041a\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438, \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f, \u043e\u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0435, \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0433\u0443. \u041e\u043d \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0435\u0437\u0434\u0438\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0423\u043e\u0440\u043c-\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b-\u0421\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0441, \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043c, \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b \u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0438 \u0443\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435.<\/p>\n<p id=\"533c\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u2014 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. \u041d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b \u0441\u0443\u0434\u044c\u0431\u0430 \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0435\u0435 32-\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n<p id=\"d076\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0410 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0423\u043e\u0440\u043c-\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b-\u0421\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0441 \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b, \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043b \u0442\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"od oe of og oh oi oa ob paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"oa ob oc\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/0*8Nawsewc8H2ez7N9.jpg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/0*8Nawsewc8H2ez7N9.jpg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/0*8Nawsewc8H2ez7N9.jpg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/0*8Nawsewc8H2ez7N9.jpg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/0*8Nawsewc8H2ez7N9.jpg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/0*8Nawsewc8H2ez7N9.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1140\/format:webp\/0*8Nawsewc8H2ez7N9.jpg 1140w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/0*8Nawsewc8H2ez7N9.jpg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/0*8Nawsewc8H2ez7N9.jpg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/0*8Nawsewc8H2ez7N9.jpg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/0*8Nawsewc8H2ez7N9.jpg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/0*8Nawsewc8H2ez7N9.jpg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/0*8Nawsewc8H2ez7N9.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1140\/0*8Nawsewc8H2ez7N9.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 570px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bh oj ok c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:862\/0*8Nawsewc8H2ez7N9.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"404\" \/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"ol ff om oa ob on oo bf b bg z du\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043d \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0414\u0436\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0438\u044f. 1925 \u0433.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"94c0\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u2014 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442.<\/p>\n<p id=\"d6dc\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0436\u0434\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438, \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u0432\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0410\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0413\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u041f\u0435\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a-\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044f. \u0410\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432 \u0448\u043e\u043a\u0435, \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435. \u041d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043b\u043e, \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433, \u043a\u0430\u043a-\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043b.<\/p>\n<p id=\"e112\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u00ab\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434 \u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0438, \u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c?\u00bb \u2014 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0413\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u041f\u0435\u043a.<\/p>\n<p id=\"4522\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u041a\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0439. \u041d\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 FDR \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0442 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u041e\u043d \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n<p id=\"1875\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">* * *<\/p>\n<p id=\"a275\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u2014 \u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439, \u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u2014 \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u044f\u0434.<\/p>\n<p id=\"8134\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0435 1945 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b.<\/p>\n<p id=\"46ea\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044e. FDR \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432 63 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0437\u0433.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"od oe of og oh oi oa ob paragraph-image\">\n<div class=\"oa ob oc\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/format:webp\/0*QqqV_CT5xgxBpYnf.jpg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/format:webp\/0*QqqV_CT5xgxBpYnf.jpg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/format:webp\/0*QqqV_CT5xgxBpYnf.jpg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/format:webp\/0*QqqV_CT5xgxBpYnf.jpg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/format:webp\/0*QqqV_CT5xgxBpYnf.jpg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/format:webp\/0*QqqV_CT5xgxBpYnf.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1140\/format:webp\/0*QqqV_CT5xgxBpYnf.jpg 1140w\" type=\"image\/webp\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:640\/0*QqqV_CT5xgxBpYnf.jpg 640w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:720\/0*QqqV_CT5xgxBpYnf.jpg 720w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:750\/0*QqqV_CT5xgxBpYnf.jpg 750w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:786\/0*QqqV_CT5xgxBpYnf.jpg 786w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:828\/0*QqqV_CT5xgxBpYnf.jpg 828w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1100\/0*QqqV_CT5xgxBpYnf.jpg 1100w, https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:1140\/0*QqqV_CT5xgxBpYnf.jpg 1140w\" sizes=\"(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 570px\" data-testid=\"og\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"bh oj ok c\" role=\"presentation\" src=\"https:\/\/miro.medium.com\/v2\/resize:fit:862\/0*QqqV_CT5xgxBpYnf.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"448\" \/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"ol ff om oa ob on oo bf b bg z du\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u00ab\u041f\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0441: \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442-\u0432\u0430 \u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u044f\u043c-\u0438\u043d\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043c\u00bb, \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043b\u0438-\u0421\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0441, \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0412\u0438\u0440\u0434\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0438\u044f, 12 \u043c\u0430\u044f 1935 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p id=\"2640\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0432\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c, \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438. \u041d\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0436 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u044f \u2014 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u043d\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443-\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n<p id=\"158f\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0415\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f, \u0432 \u0413\u0430\u0439\u0434-\u041f\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435. \u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0441\u043a\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u0434\u0443\u0445\u0430 \u0420\u0443\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043b \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0433, \u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043b \u2014 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c.<\/p>\n<p id=\"1572\" class=\"pw-post-body-paragraph lz ma gu mb b mc md me mf mg mh mi mj mk ml mm mn mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw gn bk\" data-selectable-paragraph=\"\">\u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 1950-\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430. \u0412\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0441\u044f \u00ab\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u00bb \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0433\u0438 \u041d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0444\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044c \u2014 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434. \u0418\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dsbereza.smoledu.by\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2600"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dsbereza.smoledu.by\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dsbereza.smoledu.by\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dsbereza.smoledu.by\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dsbereza.smoledu.by\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2600"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/dsbereza.smoledu.by\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2600\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2601,"href":"https:\/\/dsbereza.smoledu.by\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2600\/revisions\/2601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dsbereza.smoledu.by\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2600"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}